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| c. 1931 |
| | | 25 million peasants are moved from the land to provide cheap labour in Stalin's new factories | |
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| c. 1931 |
| | | Six million Russian peasants die after being transported to agricultural labour camps in Siberia | |
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| 1933 |
| | | German chancellor Adolf Hitler orders the sterilization of carriers of hereditary mental diseases, in one of his government's first pieces of legislation | |
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| 1933 |
| | | Heinrich Himmler sets up the first Nazi concentration camp, at Dachau near Munich | |
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| 1933 |
| | | Adolf Hitler passes a law forcing the 'retirement' of all Jews working in the civil service, schools and universities | |
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| 1935 |
| | | Adolf Hitler promulgates a law prohibiting any sexual relationship between Jews and 'Aryans' | |
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| 1937 |
| | | At the same time as the Moscow show trials, millions are purged from the Russian Communist party nation-wide | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Buchenwald, near Weimar, is set up as a concentration camp providing forced labour for local arms manufacturers | |
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| 1938 |
| | | Left-wingers and Jews suffer immediate persecution in Nazi Austria, now part of Germany | |
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| 1938 November 9 |
| | | Nazi gangs smash the premises of Jews throughout Germany and Austria in a night that becomes known as Kristallnacht, the night of cut glass | |
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